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China's racing to build its AI ecosystem as U.S. tech curbs bite. Here's how its supply chain stacks up

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U.S.-led export controls have cut China out of critical segments across the AI chip supply chain.

Beijing has mobilized tens of billions of dollars to try to fill those gaps.

China has been able to "brute force" its way into some breakthroughs, but it still has a long way to go, according to experts.

SMIC 's known operation capacity dwarfed by TSMC 's.

Lack of key manufacturing equipment stands in the way of both companies.

SMIC has found methods to work around lithography restrictions using ASML 's less advanced deep ultraviolet lithography systems.

China is likely to pursue other technologies and different lithography techniques to push innovation.