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How public key cryptography really works, using only simple math

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Summary
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70% Informative

Public key cryptography relies not on keeping a key secret, but on making it widely available.

Instead of using chemicals, public key cryptography uses mathematical puzzles called trapdoor functions.

These functions are easy to compute in one direction and extremely difficult to reverse.

To make a public key, start with two large prime numbers.

To encrypt messages, you'll need the corresponding private key, which contains the prime factors.

A trapdoor function just wasn't useful enough before the invention of computers, a computer scientist says.

"It's a matter of technology," says Russell Impagliazzo .

"A person in the 19th century thought of encryption as being between individual agents with military intelligence in the field".

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