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How a president's death helped kill Washington's "spoils system"

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"To the victor belong the spoils" was the official hiring policy of the U.S. government.

In the 1800s , the main job requirement for most federal employees was loyalty.

A fight was underway to replace that policy with the hiring of qualified government workers, regardless of their political views.

Mark Twain called for an end to that system, even attracting the attention of America 's foremost author.

A system undone by an unlikely hero who most people don't even remember was president one that even Mark Twain put on a pedestal.

"The Unexpected President: The Life and Times of Chester A. Arthur" by Scott Greenberger is available via Amazon, Barnes & Noble and Bookshop.org .