Copernicus: 2024 virtually certain to be the warmest year and first year above 1.5°C

October 2024 was the second -warmest October globally, after October 2023 , with an average ERA5 surface air temperature of 15.25C , 0.80C above the 1991-2020 average for October .

October 2022 is the warmest October on record, at 1.92C above average.

Temperatures were most notably below average over central Greenland and Iceland .

The equatorial eastern and central Pacific had below-average temperatures.

October 2024 saw above-average precipitation across the Iberian Peninsula , France , northern Italy , Norway , northern Sweden , and east of the Black Sea .

Precipitation and soil moisture were below average in the majority of eastern Europe , particularly in western Russia , Greece , and western Türkiye .

Wetter-than-average conditions were seen in southern and eastern China , Taiwan , Florida ( United States ), parts of western Australia , and southernmost Brazil .

ECMWF is both a research institute and a 24/7 operational service, producing and disseminating numerical weather predictions to its Member States .

The supercomputer facility is one of the largest of its type in Europe and Member States can use 25% of its capacity for their own purposes.