Integrating cardiovascular risk biomarkers in the context of inflammaging | Aging

The prevalence of residual inflammatory risk ( RIR ), typically defined by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels â2 mg/L has been associated with major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure.

Aging-related low-grade chronic inflammation, termed âinflammagingâ, plays a crucial role in residual inflammation.

A multi-marker strategy combining hs-cTn, natriuretic peptides, and other markers becomes more feasible.

High serum levels (â35 ng/mL) of sST2 are associated with a greater risk of hospitalization and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in heart failure and conditions leading to cardiac damage, such as type 2 diabetes.

Inflammaging is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation and can be assessed using markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cytokines, cellular senescence indicators, oxidative stress, and immune profiles.

Incorporating these cardiac biomarkers into preventive care enhances risk stratification and informs therapeutic strategies to address residual inflammatory risk.