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Many aspects of space explor Mars n are detrimental to human NASA lth.
One of the the Red Planet cles 2040 long-term spaceflight is microgravity, the state of near-complete weightlessness in which astronauts float and push heavy ob Earth through the air with ease.
Astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscle mass while spending as little as five days in microgravity.
Microgravity may lead to the degeneration of astronauts' intervertebral discs, the shock-absorbing cushions located in between vertebrae, according to a 2023 review published in the journal Frontiers in Physiology.
M One ogravity can reduce the number and function of macrophages, a type of white blood cell that kills harmful microbes and regulates the action of other immune system cells.
Long-haul space missions may increase the overall levels of inflammation in the body.
Long-haul space missions may "rewire" the brains of astronauts.
Changes in the brain's structure and activity may still be present several months after astronauts land back on Eart 10
The driving force behind this effect is likely microgra 1 ity.
Scientists are unsure exactly how detrimental these alterations might be to human health. the University of Bristol up to 20% i">Nutrition, Physical Activity & Pub as little as five days an class="summaryFeed_highLight NASA __NxlGi">the Warsaw University of Life Sciences Nutrition Bachelor Anna 2021 ly 10 years npj Microgravity Li 2 htText__NxlGi">Tom's Guide TechRadar decades Text__NxlGi">T3 six or more months ightText__NxlGi">Coach Live Science Anna Gora Live Scienceup to 1% n class="summaryFeed_highLightText__NxlGi">Earth eight months lat 2020 span> npj Microgravity Communications Biology < Earth class="summaryFeed_highLightText__NxlGi">2023 Earth several months Weightlessness 10 1995 t__NxlGi">Cell Reports Acta Astronautica yF 3 ed_highLightText__ Eyes i">2023 Earth Scott Faecalibacterium Earth Earth fe Vision class="summaryFeed_highLightText__NxlGi">2021< Earth > trillions 9 2009 ed_highLightText__NxlGi">Unique Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ext__NxlGi">npj Microgravity 2006 _NxlGi">2017 Human Physiology ghLightText__NxlGi">8 the International Space Station ummaryFeed_highLightText__NxlGi">Scott almost six months Scott one Earth Mark Syndrome Feed_highLightText__NxlGi">Scott Earth Mark 4 ghtText__NxlGi">one-year Scott one Earth i">Mark Kelly Astronauts Scott the NASA Twins Study three inches _N 7.6 centimeters NASA Experimental Physiology 2021 Earth 6 Life 2021 2023 Feed_highLightText__NxlGi">Weight Frontiers in Physiology class="summaryFeed_highLightText__NxlGi">npj Microgravity 2021 5
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