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How the Binding of Two Brain Molecules Creates Memories That Last a Lifetime

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Todd Sacktor studies molecules involved in maintaining the neuronal connections underlying memory.

How the essence of a lived moment is encoded and retrieved remains one of the central unanswered questions in neuroscience.

In 1984 , Francis Crick described a biological conundrum: Memories last years , while most molecules degrade in days or weeks .

Sacktor became a neuroscientist in pursuit of an answer.

Researchers have found that an interaction between two proteins is key to keeping memory intact over time.

They found that in the absence of PKM , mice recruit a backup mechanism, involving another molecule, to strengthen synapses.

They developed a new molecule to inhibit the activity of the protein, but it wasn’t clear how.

The KIBRA and PKM proteins stabilize each other by forming a bond.

That way, when a protein degrades and needs to be replaced, the other remains in place.

The discovery addresses the conundrum first identified by Crick , namely how memories persist despite the relatively short lifetimes of all biological molecules.